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Farkas, George; And Others – American Sociological Review, 1990
Tests a cultural resources/social interaction model of gatekeeping by school teachers using data for seventh and eighth grade students in a city school district. Results indicate informal academic standards by which teachers reward general skills, habits, and styles, accounting for course grade differentials observed for gender, ethnicity, and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Ethnicity, Grade 7, Grade 8
Shmurak, Carole B.; Ratliff, Thomas M. – 1993
The objective of this study was to begin to examine middle school classrooms for examples of either gender equity or gender bias. Data were collected by visiting 80 classes in 10 middle schools in central Connecticut. Classes observed included 6th, 7th, and 8th grade classes in social studies, mathematics, science, language arts, foreign language,…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Educational Research, Grade 6, Grade 7

Levy, Martha K. – Journal of American History, 1994
Describes the personal development of a private-school teacher involved in course restructuring in U.S. history. Lists and discusses the use of seven themes as the basis for the course. Concludes that history, more than any other subject, is linked to personal identity. (CFR)
Descriptors: Course Content, Cultural Pluralism, Curriculum Development, Educational Change