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Malen, Betty – Journal of Education Finance, 1985
Identifies the political forces affecting state decision making during four Minnesota legislative sessions--1955, 1971, 1976, and 1981--that either passed or retained measures for private school tax deductions. The study focuses on the central features of the legislative process and the implications of those features for education policymaking.…
Descriptors: Catholic Schools, Court Litigation, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education
Case, Elizabeth J.; King, Richard A. – 1985
Perceptions of the political behavior of superintendents in New Mexico vary widely throughout the state. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather information from superintendents, school board chairmen, and state legislators concerning the frequency, extent, and kinds of political activity in which superintendents were involved. Four…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Community Influence, Elementary Secondary Education
Malen, Betty – 1985
The research on which this paper is based examined the legislative process resulting in Minnesota's tuition tax concession statutes through a study of four decision events: the 1955 passage of a tax deduction, the 1971 adoption of a tax credit, the 1976 increase of the 1955 deduction allowance, and the 1981 retention of this deduction in a climate…
Descriptors: Activism, Elementary Secondary Education, Lobbying, Models
Malen, Betty – 1985
Policymaking has been studied from a variety of conceptual perspectives. The political bargaining model, used in conjunction with the broader systems framework, constitutes a familiar approach to research regarding education policymaking at the state level. This paper focuses on the conceptual implications of a study which applied that approach to…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Governance, Lobbying