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Download full textGutierrez, Emily; Blagg, Kristin; Chingos, Matthew M. – Urban Institute, 2022
The share of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch (FRPL) via meal applications is often used as a proxy for the share of students from low-income households at a school. But the recent adoption of universal meal programs, such as the Community Eligibility Provision, make it more difficult to consistently measure student poverty…
Descriptors: Poverty, Low Income Students, Urban Schools, Measurement Techniques
Peer reviewedMcCaffrey, Daniel F.; Casabianca, Jodi M. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013
As the education reform movement increasingly focuses on teachers and teaching, educators, policy-makers, and researchers need valid and reliable measures that can be used to evaluate individual teachers, provide guidance for improving teaching performance, and support research in ways that advance instruction and classroom dialog and practice. A…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Classroom Observation Techniques, Video Technology, Observation
