An examination focuses on several instances in which consonant mutation, whereby the initial consonant of a word or constituent undergoes morphophonological changes, occurs in standard literary Welsh. The syntactic and morphological means by which these mutations take place are considered, with emphasis on how an account of these mutations fits…

An investigation, analyzing the linking of skeleton and syntactical rules of Madurese, presents counterevidence to Marantz's claims about the nature of reduplication, and to Carrier-Duncan's claim that reduplication must precede all phonological rules. It is proposed that reduplication in Madurese is not affixation, as Marantz claims, and can be…