Among the many life transitions that individuals must master throughout their lives, the transition to adulthood ranks very high in terms of importance, complexity and uniqueness. It involves the completion of education, and the assumption of new social roles and responsibilities, at a time when previous institutional structures that guided…

Analyzes the decision making process used by Japanese middle school students and their parents for choosing a high school. Reveals that these decisions are highly affected by placement counseling. This process defines the students' choices, inculcates values, and offers sets of rationales for students to account for their decisions. (MJP)

Presents results of studies comparing the plans and aspirations of African-American and white high school seniors. Reports that both groups' plans followed similar trends during a period when the chances of college entry declined for African Americans. Attributes trends toward more education among African Americans but not whites to favorable…