The purpose of this APA BEA Racial Disparities Task Force report is to examine the role of racism and bias on educational opportunity and achievement disparities experienced by children. Specifically, we seek to link racism explicitly to opportunity gaps by examining how racism operates on multiple levels. Using critical race theory,…

"The Federalist" should be understood as a document with three purposes. It is: a campaign document designed to win popular support for the proposed Constitution; a serious work of political thought, analyzing the nature of free societies; and the authoritative commentary on the Constitution. This guide is intended to help readers of…

Maintains that tremendous changes in the historiography and treatment of Native American history have occurred since the late 1960s. Provides a historiographic essay on contemporary historians and their interpretations of Native American history and culture. (CFR)

This review of the role of music in public education in the United States begins with an account of the early developments of music education, and traces this role and its transformation throughout U.S. history. At first none of the arts constituted a substantial part of the materials of public pupil education. Music did not become part of the…

Observes the changes in public education that occurred along the Wisconsin frontier. As the territory progressed, education changed from a winter-term only enterprise lead by male farmer/teachers to a full term lead by professionally trained women teachers. Identifies professionalization as the greatest influence on the feminization of teaching.…

The Utah Newspaper Project was completed in two phases: the planning phase which sponsored a conference and compiled a preliminary checklist from secondary sources; and the bibliographic control phase which inventoried in-state and out-of-state newspaper holdings. The public provided many missing issues. (Author/EM)

James Madison's thoughts on various interpretations of the Constitution maintain that public opinion is the ultimate method of legitimizing the document. The Constitution must prevail against mere public opinion, but public opinion may be used to establish the meaning of the Constitution when conflicting interpretations exist. The public good and…

Argues that the enshrinement of the doctoral degree as the necessary credential for academic historians, the deemphasis on written narrative, and academic specialization have driven away a popular readership for history. Maintains that nonacademic historians now write popular history for the large market of history readers. (CFR)

Suggests that U.S. higher education reinforces the nation's individualistic values, including rejection of socialism's group orientation. Explains that the university promoted social mobility in the postwar era. Suggests that U.S. guilt about race relations gave rise to affirmative action. Argues that the policy ironically has heightened awareness…

In 1919 the "Jewish Daily Forward" published in New York City was the leading Yiddish language newspaper in the world. This analysis explores how the themes of socialism, feminism, and Americanization were defined and developed on the women's pages, and what advice and information the page transmitted to its immigrant readers about each…

A new effort to develop national standards in history for kindergarten through grade 12 has brought to the fore conflicts among scholars on multicultural views of U.S. history. Questions are being raised about the identification of a common core of historical knowledge and the applicability of recent historical research. (DB)

Describes changes in historical research and historiography during the past 25 years. Contends that the inclusion of women, minority groups, and average citizens into U.S. history has enriched the concept of the United States. Concludes that multiculturalism has always existed in the United States; it was just not recognized. (CFR)

Relates history and process by which 12 historic wampum belts were turned over to representatives of Onondaga Nation (New York), one of six Indian tribal communities of Iroquois Confederacy. Describes history of belts from pre-Columbian times to modern times. Compliments both the New York State Board of Regent and leaders of the Onondaga Nation…

This document explores a selection influential books and reports on U.S. education that appeared between 1749 and the 1990s. The analysis begins with Benjamin Franklin's "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania", early writings on women's and adult education, the McGuffey reader of the mid-nineteenth century, and…

This two-part anthology contains a series of background readings on church-state issues designed to provide primary materials through which North Carolinians can better understand the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Part 1 gives historical and philosophical background in four chapters: (1) "God's Country: Perception or Presumption?"; (2)…