Characterizes modern ashram schools as examples of Indian philosophy translated into practice. Describes essential features of the schools including the concept of dharma, proximity to nature, student-teacher relationship, holistic approaches, performance of menial chores, simplicity, meditation, recitation, intellectual and cognitive skills, and…

Reports on a study of competition, motivation, and performance among 60 adolescents in India. Finds that direct competition with another person led to higher levels of immediate performance. Also finds that indirect competition against a pre-set standard resulted in greater intrinsic motivation. (CFR)