The article examines evidence of visual impairment caused by excessive amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light. Among considerations when using a source of UV light for vision stimulation are the position of the child and teacher, use of window glass filters or protective glasses, and careful recordkeeping of all UV stimulation. (Author/JW)[

Components of assertive behavior are described with suggestions for enabling the visually impaired person to develop these skills. The underlying concepts of assertion training are explained along with specific techniques for use in schools or rehabilitative settings. (Author/CL)

Five articles describe techniques of mural making and mural projects which have been accomplished by elementary and secondary students, including a class of blind and partially sighted children. (SJL)

The article describes a curriculum for the visually handicapped which provides instruction in the four basic facets of landmark travel. The concepts included in the curriculum are: (1) learning the concept of landmarks, (2) remaining oriented to landmarks, (3) following direction based on landmarks, and (4) giving verbal directions based on them.…

The article reviews a variety of assessment instruments that psychologists can use to evaluate the visually handicapped child's residual vision; cognitive abilities; academic achievement; social, developmental, and language skills; and vocational potential. (Author)

Teachers are discovering simple, effective ways to help blind and partially sighted students ease into the mainstream of regular classroom learning. (Author)

Specific methods are suggested for reading instruction of visually handicapped and hearing impaired children in a regular classroom. (MKM)

This article explores issues related to the use of supported employment and time-related transitional employment for blind and visually impaired persons. It defines the concepts; describes the characteristics that distinguish these services from others; and discusses the need for these services from ecological, philosophical, fiscal, and learning…

Notes that, as the population ages, the number of adults with visual impairments grows proportionately. Explores the population of visually impaired adults and discusses suggestions for counselor education relevant to preparing counselors to meet the needs of adults with visual handicaps. (Author/NB)

A water mist was employed as a punisher to reduce head hitting in a 10-year-old multiply handicapped, visually impaired child. Results indicated that water mist alone was effective in reducing the frequency of head hits during meals, but other situations required the addition of primary reinforcers, stimulus control, or both. (Author/JDD)

The paper addresses the need to define terms used in vision training before successful programs can be formulated. Critical behaviors in three categories (visual attending, visual examining, and visually guided motor) are considered as are program alternatives focusing on visual environment management, visual skills training, and visually…

This article cites the increased number of children with multiple disabilities and visual disabilities who generally take therapeutic medications. It lists the side effects of several types of medications, outlines the educational implications of the side effects, discusses drug interactions, and offers a glossary of medical terms. (JDD)

This article describes methods of teaching clients with severe visual impairments to be aware of safety in crossing streets without traffic controls. It describes and evaluates a timing method for assessing the detection of vehicles and a timing method for assessing the speed and distance of vehicles. Case examples illustrate use of the methods.…

A new approach to behavioral control with individuals having both visual impairments and multiple disabilities stresses the use of positive intervention strategies, bases treatment on functional assessments of challenging responses, and emphasizes broad changes in the lifestyles of individuals. Case examples illustrate applications. (Author/DB)

This paper offers a model of visual functioning focusing on three factors: (1) visual capacity, (2) visual processing, and (3) visual attention. Practical implications of visual therapy are considered, and intervention strategies with children with impaired visual functioning are suggested. (Author/DB)