This 2016 report is the fourth in an annual series of National Education Policy Center (NEPC) reports on the fast-growing U.S virtual school sector. This year's report provides a comprehensive directory of the nation's full-time virtual and blended learning school providers. It also pulls together and assesses the available evidence on the performance of America's virtual and blended learning schools. It is intended as reference work for policymakers, educators, and the public. This report provides a detailed overview and inventory of full-time virtual schools and blended learning schools that are also known as hybrid schools. Full-time virtual schools deliver all curriculum and instruction via the Internet and electronic communication, usually asynchronously with students at home and teachers at a remote location. Blended schools combine traditional face-to-face instruction in classrooms with virtual instruction. Although increasing numbers of parents and students are choosing virtual or blended schools, little is known about the inner workings of these schools. Evidence related to inputs and outcomes indicate that students in these schools differ from those in traditional public schools. The school performance measures for both virtual and blended schools also indicate that these schools are not as successful as traditional public schools. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that their enrollment growth has continued. Large virtual schools operated by for-profit education management organizations (EMOs) dominate this sector and are increasing their market share. While more districts are opening their own virtual schools, the schools are typically small, and with limited enrollment. This report provides a census of full-time virtual schools and blended schools. It also includes student demographics, state-specific school performance ratings, and a comparison of virtual school outcomes with state norms. The following appendices are available for download: (1) Numbers of Virtual Schools and Students by State; (2) Numbers of Blended Learning Schools and Students by State; (3) Numbers of Full-Time Virtual Schools and the Students They Serve; (4) Numbers of Blended Learning Schools and the Students They Serve; and (5) Measures of School Performance: State Performance Ratings, Adequate Yearly Progress Status, and Graduation Rates--Full-Time Virtual Schools. (A list of notes and references is included.) [For "Virtual Schools in the U.S. 2015: Politics, Performance, Policy, and Research Evidence," see ED558722.]