Research on what elementary school students know about probability prior to instruction and what they can learn about probability is concisely reviewed. Many references are included. (MNS)

Research on direct instruction in mathematics is briefly summarized, with key procedures listed. (MNS)

Research on students' attainment on multiplication facts, common errors, and meaningful instruction is briefly cited in this review. (MNS)

Research on computational estimation is presented. Key processes used by good estimators and characteristics of good estimators are included as well as other research findings. (MNS)

Research on homework in mathematics is briefly reviewed, with the conclusion that homework may be useful since it may increase achievement but won't decrease it. Specific suggestion for planning homework are included. (MNS)

What mental computation and estimation are, what is known from research about each process, and what can help students develop these skills are discussed. (MNS)

Two studies on the match between test and textbook content are reviewed. The emphasis in textbooks on computation, wide variation in content, and weak matches between content in textbooks and tests were noted. (MNS)

Factors which appear to positively affect student motivation are discussed. Sixteen suggestions from research for motivating students are listed, and references are included. (MNS)

Research on the amount of questioning and the types of questions teachers ask are briefly discussed. (MNS)

Research on the characteristics of individuals who have demonstrated a high level of ability in mathematics is presented. The importance of structure in mathematical thinking is stressed and implications for teaching are detailed. (MNS)

The papers in this monograph are grouped by the five session topics of the Using Research Group meetings. Perspectives on Using Research was first, with papers on research and the teaching job (Romberg), utility (Wheeler), review and dissemination (Dessart), preparing materials (Jurdak), and the teacher's view (Williams). The second session was on…

Papers from the eighth annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group are presented, beginning with a lecture by Alan Bishop on "The Social Construction of Meaning--A Significant Development for Mathematics Education." Also included are reports of four working groups: "LOGO and the Mathematics Curriculum"…

What research says about the learning and teaching of decimal fractions is summarized, with some instructional strategies and activities to improve learning suggested. (MNS)

Metacognition is described and suggestions for teachers about developing and improving metacognitive skills in performing mathematical tasks are given. (MNS)

Pertinent findings from research on problem solving are presented to describe how primary-level children may gain an understanding of addition and subtraction as well as practice computational skills through one-step problems. Then suggestions for teaching problem solving are given. (MNS)