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Kamii, Constance; Lewis, Barbara Ann – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Presents a study of 87 second graders to demonstrate that achievement tests in primary mathematics emphasize pupil's lower-order thinking by comparing answers to interview questions from constructivist and traditionally instructed groups. Results indicated that constructivist instructed students demonstrated superior higher-order thinking on tasks…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Addition, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement