Describes the growth of the African-American population of Norfolk, Virginia, after the Civil War and the development of a raciallysegregated school system. Discusses measures that helped and hindered black educational progress. Argues that the Civil War ended slavery but did not guarantee progress through educational opportunity. (CFR)

The quality of elementary education has been highly dependent on factors beyond a child's control--sex, race, economic situation, geographical location, and time in history. It is also shaped by the people who control the education--the teachers, administrators, and governing officials--and by the goals they design. This module explores these…