Designed for use by individuals studying on their own, teachers, self-help groups, audiologists, and other professionals working with individuals with hearing impairments, this manual provides 23 lessons for learning to lip-read. The lessons are organized to help the lipreader recognize how sounds look when they are spoken, thus leading to…

This paper explores the patterns and processes used by adult students of English as a second language (ESL) when they guess at the meanings of nonsense words in a reading text. The findings suggest that while word-unit processing is a major component of both first- and second-language reading, a major difference between first- and second-language…