This report provides a distribution of research and development (R&D) programs by the function of the Federal budget. It includes only Federal funding of R&D programs, with R&D facilities and all non-R&D activities excluded. The sections of the report are presented in descending order of R&D budget authority for the various…

This report summarizes a workshop held in November, 1985 and sponsored by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy and by the Academy Industry Program. It summarizes 2 days of intensive discussions on two overlapping topics: capabilities for measuring economic returns on federal investments in research and development (R&D), and…

With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for…

This document summarizes the dispersal of funds on Arctic research by the National Science Foundation during fiscal years 1987 and 1988. Major areas considered were: atmospheric sciences; oceanography; biological sciences; earth sciences; science and engineering education; small business research; engineering and permafrost; Arctic information and…

Argues urgently of need for more rigorous type of academic, scientific inquiry that gives intellectual priority to the cooperative tasks of articulating environmental, societal, and global problems, rather than the pursuit of technological progress. Proposes that this new form of inquiry should have as its basic aim to improve not just knowledge…

This document outlines the issues of importance to higher education that face the 102nd Congress of the United States Government of which three have paramount importance: (1) securing adequate funding of student assistance programs; (2) assuring tax policies which provide maximum incentives to enlarge the nation's technical and professional skills…

U.S. research institutions are undergoing significant changes from patterns established in the decade following World War II. Declining undergraduate enrollments are predicted to lead to "steady-state" universities; federal policy is emphasizing industry-university research cooperation and calling for a decreased federal role in the…

This report, prepared in response to a requirement in the Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act, proposes a plan for the modernization of general research facilities in which academic research is conducted, including research buildings, research laboratories, support rooms, and other institutional or departmental facilities in scientific…

Information pertaining to biotechnology research that was funded in whole or in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is presented in this report. Findings obtained from state agricultural experimental stations and colleges of veterinary medicine are discussed in 11 appendices. These include: (1) information on USDA's biotechnology…

This document analyzes science and technology activities in the United States and their relationships to the efforts of other major industrialized countries. Major areas addressed in the seven chapters are: (1) international science and technology (considering national investments in research and development--R&D, outputs of R&D,…

Data on fiscal year 1982 federal support to U.S. institutions of higher education are presented, along with a condensed narrative analysis. The 15 federal agencies represented account for an estimated 95 percent of total obligations to colleges and universities and virtually all support for science and engineering (S/E) research and development…

The administrative problems of public sector research programs in developing nations include lack of major public policies and too many minor ones, inadequate or haphazard planning, budgetary constraints, inadequate evaluation and monitoring, inadequate or obsolete equipment and facilities, trained manpower shortages, and limited motivation. (MSE)

Discusses the drive to raise science and engineering education's funding in the NSF budget from 9 percent to 20 percent. Notes that the target is $600 million per year. (MVL)

Congressional hearings held on October 8-10, 1985, were meant to characterize the attributes of past successes of the United States' efforts in the space sciences, and to project the direction of future research in that area. This report prepared by the subcommittee on space science and application includes recommendations of expert panels on…

The 21 essays in this two-part book provide conceptual and operational understanding of the nature of models as representations of reality and as tools for description, analysis, interpretation, and forecasting. Topic areas addressed in part 1 (concept) include: the nature of models; the earth as a system; the determination of form; some…