Purpose: The purpose of this article is to look closely at the development of a European Credit Transfer System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET). The European Commission, together with the member States, are working on it and several pilot projects have been initiated within the Leonardo da Vinci Programme of the European Commission. The problem of the transfer as well as a convincing transparency of vocational competences has yet been developed. The aim is to discuss this in the article. Design/methodology/approach: This contribution illustrates a model using the Dreyfus/Dreyfus approach of acquisition of profiles in such a way that the levels of competence development are not applied to overall professional actions (as shown for pilots, nurses, teachers and others), but to smaller entities of professional profiles. Findings: While strongly taking into account work related tasks and contexts (objects, tools, work organisation) the authors define "groups of competencies" and apply Dreyfus' ladder to these new entities. That means the authors adopt Dreyfus' model in two ways: by applying the model to groups of competencies (corresponding to specific core work profiles) instead of using it for overall competency profiles (corresponding to professionals/experts); and they make the model flexible and dynamic by not restricting it to a certain number of levels, but only defining the differences between levels. Research/limitations/implications: The background of the paper is the so-called work process analysis to identify the work related tasks and related groups of competencies. Practical implications: The article offers a new concept for the European discussion of the Qualification Framework as well as the Credit Transfer System. Originality/value: This article provides an alternative to existing European policy. (Contains 4 figures and 20 notes.)