Purpose: The fundamental purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of higher education quality in Afghanistan based on insights from student perceptions. Understanding this part holds paramount importance in enunciating sound policies for the smooth functioning of the higher education sector of Afghanistan. Design/methodology/approach: This study aims to classify students' background and demographic data, distinguishing their perception of higher education quality using a deductive research approach. A sample of 418 students from five top private universities in Afghanistan was chosen to assess their perceptions of higher education dimensions by employing a multinomial regression analysis. Findings: The findings indicate that extracurricular activities, students' scholarship status, parents' education, age, previous academic results and the university they attend significantly impact their perception of the quality of higher education. Practical implications: This research is essential for education policymakers and university administrators. These findings can be replicated to develop regulations and target specific groups of students to ensure a favourable academic environment and boost the brand image of their universities. This would ensure long-term quality improvement and assurance outcomes, allowing higher education institutions to compete with regional and international institutions. Originality/value: This study contributes to identifying the determinants of higher education quality based on the perceptions of the students in Afghanistan.