This document provides state education agencies (SEAs) and districts with guidance about how to assess a district's readiness to support school turnaround initiatives. First published in 2013, the guide has been updated in this edition to highlight how its approach to assessing district readiness embeds and reflects key components of "Four Domains for Rapid School Improvement," a framework developed by the Center on School Turnaround (CST, 2017). Using this framework, the guide aims to help policymakers or practitioners consider school turnaround as a "system-level" issue -- fundamental district-level practices must be in place to establish the conditions for school turnaround to succeed. This perspective counters the tendency for school turnaround efforts to focus on only the "school's" structure and leadership. By contrast, this guide provides an introduction to district-level turnaround readiness and the conditions that will help districts best position resources to enable turnaround schools to succeed and to sustain that success. SEA leaders can also use the guide to reflect on where and how to support districts in ways that have been shown to matter by the experience of practitioners entrenched in supporting turnaround as well as by research in the field of rapid improvement. The Every Student Succeeds Act gives SEAs more discretion in where to invest precious resources, and a readiness-assessment process aligned with what matters can help SEAs determine what commitments may be needed from a district if that district is to receive a major investment of resources from the SEA. A vignette is included to illustrate how such district-led turnaround might unfold in practice and show what the district and SEA can do to create the conditions for school leaders to have the greatest chance for success. [For "District Readiness to Support School Turnaround: A Users' Guide to Inform the Work of State Education Agencies and Districts," see ED559742.]