Policymakers may be interested in the extent to which Federal Work-Study programs (FWS) increase students' access to productive employment, and how they impact students' academic and career success. This brief summarizes findings from a recent study using national data and a propensity score matching approach to examine the overall effects of FWS participation for students enrolled at four-year institutions, as well as its effects under two conditional counterfactuals: What would have happened if the recipient had worked a non-FWS job? What would have happened if the recipient had not worked at all?