In this document, the Association of American Universities offers a series of research and technology policy recommendations that would help our nation to continue its global pre-eminence in science and high technology, improve the quality of life and national security of our citizens, and speed our nation's economic recovery. After policy recommendations for the Office of Science and Technology and the Office of Management and Budget and that cut across agencies, a series of recommendations organized alphabetically by agency are presented. These agencies are the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Office of Management and Budget, Across Federal Research Agencies, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of State, National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Science Foundation.