Many feel that scientists and engineers play a critical role in expanding the frontiers and knowledge of science and engineering and in educating and training future generations of scientists and engineers. They may do so by providing leadership in areas of national interest including efforts to increase the international competitiveness and strengthen the defense of the United States. The doctoral science and engineering work force has experienced major changes over the period from 1975-1985. The changes have included increases in the number employed, a relative shift to industrial employment, a relative decline in the importance of teaching and a sharp increase in the number of women with doctorates. This report analyzes the major changes that have taken place over the 1975-85 decade among doctoral scientists and engineers and provides a set of trend data pertaining to this population. Discussions include: (1) "Employment of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers"; (2) "Character of Science and Technology"; (3) "Age Profiles"; (4) "Salaries"; and (5) "Women and Minorities." Appendices include technical notes, detailed statistical tables, and a reproduction of the 1985 survey questionnaire. (CW)