One of the most perplexing tasks in producing computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is the authoring process. Authoring is generally defined as the process of turning the flowcharts, control algorithms, format sheets, and other documentation of a CAI program's design into computer code that will operationalize the simulation on the delivery system. Used in this sense, authoring is essentially a euphemism for programming or coding. The principle alternatives for the authoring process are a programming language (e.g., BASIC, Pascal, or C); an authoring language (e.g., PILOT-Plus, Coursewriter, or TUTOR); or an authoring system (e.g., QUEST, IMSATT, or TICCIT). Programming languages should not be considered for authoring complex CAI unless the development team includes professional systems level programmers. At their current stage of development, authoring systems must be scrutinized with care before use. Authoring languages afford the best compromise between the flexibility of programming languages and the ease-of-use of authoring systems. Specific advantages and disadvantages of each of these alternatives are outlined, and transportability and cost are identified as important issues regardless of which approach is selected. A series of steps to be followed when considering adoption of a CAI authoring approach is provided. (MES)