Background: Chronotype refers to individuals' preference for morning or evening activities. Its two dimensions (morningness and eveningness) are related to a number of academic outcomes. Aims: The main goal of the study was to investigate the incremental validity of chronotype as a predictor of academic achievement after controlling for a number…

Argues that Soviet secondary school students' readiness to continue learning is important to pedagogy and the state. Reports research indicating that most tenth grade graduates planned to continue schooling. Concludes that secondary school guidance inadequately promotes some forms of continuing education. Reveals student attitudes about various…