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McDonnell, Lorraine M.; Elmore, Richard F. – 1987
This publication builds a conceptual framework that categorizes alternative policy instruments for educational reform into actions. It defines four categories of policy instruments and hypothesizes how each will operate in addressing different policy problems in different political and organizational contexts. Subsequent research will assess…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Educational Change, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education
Elmore, Richard F.; McLaughlin, Milbrey Wallin – 1988
This report analyzes the relationship between educational policymaking and educational practice in schools and classrooms by drawing lessons from recent attempts to reform schools with policy. Educational reform operates on the following loosely connected levels: (1) policy; (2) administration; and (3) practice. Policy can set the conditions for…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Analysis of Variance, Board of Education Policy