This brief paper summarizes what is known about sensory integration and sensory integration dysfunction (DSI). It outlines evaluation of DSI, treatment approaches, and implications for parents and teachers, including compensatory strategies for minimizing the impact of DSI on a child's life. Review of origins of sensory integration theory in the work of A. Jean Ayres more than 20 years ago is followed by consideration of characteristics of sensory integration dysfunction, defined as the "inability to modulate, discriminate, coordinate or organize sensation adaptively." It then addresses methods for identifying DSI including skilled observation of the child, parent/caregiver sensory questionnaires or checklists, and standardized tests of general development and motor functioning. Interventions based on sensory integration theory are explained and include therapist consultation, a sensory diet of specific sensory activities, a comprehensive approach to treating sensory defensiveness, and the "How Does Your Engine Run?" program, a step-by-step method that teaches children simple changes to their daily routine to help them self-regulate. The paper concludes that collaboration among the therapist, teacher, and parent is most effective. (Contains 10 references.) (DB)