In 1994 the Carnegie Corporation of New York convened the Carnegie Task Force on Learning in the Primary Grades to examine all the forces that contribute to children's learning and development during the age span from 3 to 10. The 33-member group of business and political leaders, scientists, educators, researchers, and practitioners conducted extensive reviews of research and programmatic experience, made site visits to 60 programs in 30 communities throughout the United States, and engaged in formal hearings and informal discussions with parents, teachers, administrators, and community leaders. There were four major findings: First, the majority of U.S. schoolchildren are achieving well below the levels they should be attaining. Second, it is entirely feasible to reverse the widespread pattern of educational underachievement among elementary school children. Third, enough is known about effective policies and practices in all the key learning institutions for each to take immediate steps to improve results for children toward the goal of upgrading education for all. Fourth, the frontline institutions must reach beyond their traditional isolation from each other and coordinate their efforts so that children's learning and healthy development are reinforced from every side. The Task Force recommended a five-point program as follows: (1) promote children's learning in families and communities; (2) expand high-quality early learning opportunities; (3) create effective elementary schools and school systems; (4) promote high-quality children's television and access to other electronic media; and (5) link the key learning institutions into a comprehensive, coordinated education system. Eight appendices contain information about consultants, papers, presenters, participants, public hearings, meetings, visitation sites, and task force members. The final section contains notes and references organized by chapter. (AA)