Receptiveness toward evidence-based practice such as proposed by Chwalisz (2003) (this issue) is a function of how one defines the discipline and how one views counseling and psychotherapy. By acknowledging the dual nature of therapeutic psychology as a science-based cultural enterprise, one may be able to overcome schisms in the field and related resistance to the role of research in practice. This view calls for a broader definition of evidence and the criteria and processes involved in its evaluation. This article suggests that scientist-practitioner training and evidence-based practice can be strengthened by more attention to the applied epistemology of research and practice. Implications of this perspective for the professional culture and professional discourse and socialization are discussed.