Counseling self-efficacy, an individual's perception of his or her competence to conduct counseling, is an important component of understanding how counselor trainees subjectively construct their counseling and training experiences and subsequently develop into competent counseling professionals. The author describes 2 approaches to using self-efficacy theory to develop and implement counselor training and supervision interventions: the self-efficacy enhancement approach and the self-efficacy in context approach. Suggestions for tailoring counseling self-efficacy assessment to the accompanying approach are included.