Recently, the media have issued numerous reports about the apparent increase in OxyContin abuse and addiction. OxyContin has been heralded as a miracle drug that allows patients with chronic pain to resume a normal life. It has also been called pharmaceutical heroin and is thought to have been responsible for a number of deaths and robberies in areas where its abuse has been reported. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) is interested in helping professionals on the front line of substance abuse treatment by providing them with the facts about OxyContin, its use and abuse, and how to treat individuals who present at treatment facilities with OxyContin concerns. This first issue of the CSAT Advisory answers frequently asked questions about OxyContin; provides general information about semisynthetic opioids and their addiction potential; summarizes evidence-based protocols for treatment; and provides referral sources for further information. (GCP)