This report begins with conclusions drawn from a wide range of research, reports, and other sources that convey what superintendents say is driving their work. The focus first is on what they identify as the challenges and frustrations of the job and what they say are factors interfering with student progress. Then, discussion turns to the insufficient way the majority of districts appear to address barriers to learning and teaching, and what some trailblazing superintendents are doing to be more productive in this arena. Finally, implications are outlined for a central office organization that can more effectively enhance equal opportunity for all students to succeed at school and beyond. Appended are: (1) Pioneering Initiatives are Underway!; and (2) Center Developed Resource Aides for Developing and Implementing a Comprehensive System of Learning Supports. (Contains 2 exhibits.)