This report has not sought to study higher education to reach conclusions about higher education. Rather, it has been to treat the industry's challenges, at their core, as problems of managing innovation effectively. The authors therefore examine the industry through the lenses of the theories that have emerged from research on innovation. Higher education has seen incredible cost inflation in recent years, which is reflected in the 10 percent annual rate of inflation of tuition in nominal terms. This is the perfectly natural result of head-on competition in the plane of sustaining innovation. Disruption hasn't historically been possible in higher education because there hasn't been an upwardly scalable technology driver available. Yet online learning changes this. Disruption is usually underway when the leading companies in an industry are in financial crisis, even while entrants at the "low end" of the industry are growing rapidly and profitably. This is currently underway in higher education. This report is meant to give policymakers as well as the administrators and trustees of traditional universities a language and a way of framing the problem so that they can formulate and implement viable strategies for staying strong in the future. (Contains 11 figures, 4 tables, and 54 endnotes.)