This guide presents information on the procedures for peer review of grant applications. It begins with an overview of the review process for grant application submission and review. The review process includes: (1) pre-submission procedures that enable the Institute to plan for specific review sessions; (2) application processing procedures; (3) panel selection and appointment; (4) pre-review panel procedures; (5) panel meeting; and (6) post-review process. Intended to assist administrators, and faculty in developing successful proposals, it offers information on the policies and conventions governing the review process, selection of proposals for funding, and describes details of the review procedures. Other elements of the process described in the guide include: (1) Letters of Intent; (2) Review of Applications by the Primary Reviewers; (3) Scoring of Applications; (4) Panel Discussion; and (5) Procedures for Responding to Applicant Inquiries. The appendix includes: Legislation Relevant to Scientific Peer Review. (Contains 1 table.) [This document was adopted by the National Board for Education Sciences (NBES) on January 24, 2006.]