This report provides K-12 educators with instructional strategies that research shows have the greatest likelihood of positively affecting student learning. The 12 chapters include: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Identifying Similarities and Differences (comparing, classifying, creating metaphors, and creating analogies); (3) "Summarizing and Note Taking"; (4) "Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition"; (5) "Homework and Practice"; (6) "Nonlinguistic Representations" (graphic organizers, pictures and pictographs, mental pictures, concrete representations, and kinesthetic activity); (7) "Cooperative Learning"; (8) "Setting Goals and Providing Feedback"; (9) "Generating and Testing Hypotheses"; (10) "Activating Prior Knowledge" (cues and questions and advance organizers); (11)"Teaching Specific Types of Knowledge" (vocabulary terms and phrases, details, organizing ideas, skills and tactics, and processes); and (12) "Using Instructional Strategies in Unit Planning" (at the beginning, during, and at the end of a unit of instruction). (Contains 146 references.) (SM)