This report explores ramifications of vocational rehabilitation services being provided in independent living programs through tracing the development of disability rights and independent living movements from their inception to the present. Comparisons are drawn between the programmatic approaches of state rehabilitation agencies and independent living programs. A national study of the prevalence of vocational services in independent living programs was conducted. Model programs representing a variety of approaches are described. Specific chapters address the following topics: definitions; historical and legislative perspectives of the disability rights movement; implications of vocational rehabilitation for independent living; implications of independent living for vocational rehabilitation; current employment practices in independent living centers and independent living programs; model employment programs in independent living centers; and future directions and recommendations. Appendices include membership of the study group, the highlights of a report on Centers for Independent Living Programs, the Disabled People's Bill of Rights and Declaration of Independence, a list of interview participants, and the survey instrument used. (DB)