Because test scores reflect not only a student's knowledge in a given area, but also his or her familiarity with cues present in the test, and because tests are so prevalent and important in schools, there is a great need to teach test wiseness skills. It is ethical to do so if no material from the final test is included. Certain principles and strategies of test taking which can be taught include time management, error-avoidance, guessing strategies, and deductive reasoning skills. Test wise people will look for flaws in test construction to improve their scores. Determining the relationship between subject matter and the difficulty of neighboring items can also be taught. The strategies can be applied to multiple-choice and true-false tests as well as essay tests. Test makers are aware that test taking skills are being taught and can manipulate and lure the individual taking the test to select an incorrect answer. There is no substitute, therefore, for direct knowledge. (HFG)