In order to examine the effect of the home language on the spelling development in English in children who are learning English as a second language (ESL learners), it is best to directly compare groups of ESL learners from various home language backgrounds. This study compared the oral language, phonological awareness, reading, and spelling…

"Sound Partners" (Vadasy et al., 2004) is a phonics-based tutoring program that provides supplemental reading instruction to elementary school students grades K-3 with below average reading skills. The program is designed specifically for use by tutors with minimal training and experience. Instruction emphasizes letter-sound…

Three approaches to initial reading instruction were evaluated to determine their relative effectiveness in establishing word recognition skills. Significant differences between the three groups of children were found in the posttest scores: a special alphabet approach produced highest scores; a phonetic approach, next highest; and a look-say…