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Peer reviewedJohnson, Dona S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
Personality and behavioral consequences of learned helplessness were monitored in children experiencing failure in school. The predictive quality of learned helplessness theory was compared with that of value expectancy theories. Low self-concept was predicted significantly by school failure, internal attributions for failure, and external…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Attribution Theory, Expectation
