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Proposal for Modifying Procedures for Declaring Significant Trends in TIMSS
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Henry Isaiah Braun; Matthias von Davier; Jihang Chen – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
International large-scale assessments (ILSA) are an important source of information for education policymakers across the globe. Despite sponsors' warnings, when results are published, media attention focuses on country rankings and changes in scores. Score changes are evaluated using a two-sided z-statistic, with statistical significance declared…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests
Month of Birth, Early Academic Achievement, and Parental Expectations of University Completion: A New Test on Sticky Expectations
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Fabrizio Bernardi; Manuel T. Valdés – Sociology of Education, 2025
Previous studies have shown that educational expectations of individuals with high socioeconomic status (SES) are relatively unaffected by low academic performance, a phenomenon called "sticky expectations." However, this result might be biased by endogeneity and reverse causality between academic achievement and educational…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Birth, Academic Achievement, Parent Aspiration