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Download full textKevelson, Marisol J. C. – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
This study presents estimates of Black-White, Hispanic-White, and income achievement gaps using data from two different types of reading and mathematics assessments: constructed-response assessments that were likely more cognitively demanding and state achievement tests that were likely less cognitively demanding (i.e., composed solely or largely…
Descriptors: Racial Differences, Achievement Gap, White Students, African American Students
Direct linkGottfried, Michael A. – Elementary School Journal, 2012
This study contributes a novel perspective on grade retention by empirically examining how classroom composition relates to the standardized-testing performance of grade-retained students in their post-retained years. This evaluation employed a sample of entire cohorts of urban elementary school children in the Philadelphia School District over 6…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, School Holding Power, Evidence, Testing
