The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not systematic verbal positive reinforcement administered by two relatively unsophisticated teachers would favorably affect students' achievement scores. Two kindergarten and two first grade classes served as the experimental population with ten students from each class and one teacher from…

Current research indicates the possible influence of IE development on cognitive development. Efforts are being made to identify behaviors by which parents or teachers can increase development of internal control expectancies in preschool children. Studies correlating children's IE scores with various mother behaviors or mother-child interaction…