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Direct linkLee, Sau-Lai; Peng, Maria Sau-Chi – Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 2017
In this study we explored the effects of group art therapy on the emotional well-being and parental empathy of mothers of children with special educational needs. Eleven mothers of children who were diagnosed with at least 1 kind of special educational need participated in a 16-week program. We hypothesized that the art therapy group would help…
Descriptors: Art Therapy, Counseling Techniques, Mothers, Special Education
Wiebe, Sandra A.; Fang, Hua; Johnson, Craig; James, Karen E.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Our goal in the present study was to examine the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on infant self-regulation, exploring birth weight as a mediator and sex as a moderator of risk. A prospective sample of 218 infants was assessed at 6 months of age. Infants completed a battery of tasks assessing working memory/inhibition, attention, and…
Descriptors: Smoking, Mothers, Prenatal Influences, Pregnancy
Lee, Shawna J.; Altschul, Inna; Gershoff, Elizabeth T. – Developmental Psychology, 2013
This study examines whether maternal warmth moderates the association between maternal use of spanking and increased child aggression between ages 1 and 5. Participants were 3,279 pairs of mothers and their children from a cohort study of urban families from 20 U.S. cities. Maternal spanking was assessed when the child was 1 year, 3 years, and 5…
Descriptors: Punishment, Discipline, Aggression, Parenting Styles
