This study (a) examined career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) differences across gender, age, military grade, level of education, previous career assessments, previous career counseling, and currently attending college, and (b) examined the effect of career assessments with follow-up counseling on CDMSE among active-duty Coast Guard personnel. This study followed-up on Luzzo & Day's (1999) suggestion for further research using differing methodologies on the effect of interest inventories on CDMSE. All assessments, instruments, and follow-up counseling were administered at a distance. Using volunteers from the Coast Guard, 223 active-duty personnel were given the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale--Short Form (CDSE-SF; Betz, Klein, & Taylor, 1996) as a pre-measure of CDMSE differences based on gender, age, military grade, previous career assessments, previous career counseling, college attendance status, and level of education. Multiple linear regression analysis found currently attending college and previous career counseling as predictors of higher levels of CDMSE. By contrast, gender, age, military grade, previous career assessments, and level of education were found not to be predictors of higher levels of CDMSE. The treatment condition consisted of administering the MBTI Complete, Newly Revised Strong (Strong Interest Inventory 2004 edition), and Skills Confidence Inventory and follow-up counseling to the treatment group. After six weeks the treatment (N=77) and control group (N=88), were administered the CDSE-SF again, as a post-measure. Paired sample t-tests and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis found a significant treatment effect indicating administration of career assessments with follow-up counseling raised CDMSE among active-duty Coast Guard personnel compared to the control group. Findings from the present study support expanded use of career assessments with follow-up counseling among active-duty personnel including the "at a distance procedure" used in the present study. Results, conclusions, recommendations, and future implications were discussed. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]