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Bright, Dara; Fan, Yiyun; Fornaro, Chris; Koskey, Kristin L. K.; May, Toni A.; Bostic, Jonathan D.; Swineford, Dolores – Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 2022
In the United States, national and state standardized assessments have become a metric for measuring student learning and high-quality learning environments. As the COVID19 pandemic offered a multitude of learning modalities (e.g., hybrid, socially distanced face-to-face instruction, virtual environment), it becomes critical to examine how this…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Mathematics Tests, Standardized Tests, Scores