This study examined the relationship between presurgery speech measures and speech and language performance at 39 months as well as the relationship between early postsurgery speech measures and speech and language performance at 39 months of age. Fifteen children with cleft lip and palate participated in the study. Spontaneous speech samples were obtained in the children's homes at presurgery/9 months, postsurgery/13 months and again at 39 months of age. Correlational analyses revealed a lack of association between speech measures presurgery and early postsurgery and speech outcome measures at 39 months. Significant negative correlations were noted for true canonical babbling ratio presurgery and mean length of utterance (MLU) at 39 months, as well as for size of true consonant inventory presurgery, and both language outcome measures at 39 months (MLU and number of different words). Significant positive correlations were noted for percentage of true stops produced postsurgery and both language measures at 39 months. Variables that may have influenced speech and language development from presurgery to 39 months are discussed.