The nature of a specific spoken language as well as its orthography and the close relation between these two characteristics may influence phonemic awareness development (Durgunoglu & Öney, 1999). In this respect, oral language proficiency of bilingual and monolingual children appears to have an influence on enhancing their phonological awareness. One major aim of the present research is therefore to explore the link between the level of oral language development and that of phonological awareness of two Turkish-English bilingual children and one monolingual child with an average age of 3.5. The data for phonological awareness came from an initial phoneme identification, rhyme-detection, and phoneme detection task; for language proficiency, from a picture description or storytelling task. All tasks were performed in the children's dominant language, which is the community language, Turkish. Results showed that oral proficiency level is not a good predictor of the development of phonological awareness.