Employing the Robustness Semantic Differential, the Learning Environment Inventory, and the Principal Performance Description Survey with fourth- and eleventh-graders, robustness of school climate was found to be positively related to perceptions of clear goal direction, cohesiveness, lack of academic competitiveness, diversity, and an involved…

A model for educational supervisors which attempts to link management theory to learning is demonstrated. With teachers today having greater autonomy in selecting appropriate content and methods, supervisors should focus on two tasks: they should become more involved with teachers in selecting goals and become more adept in monitoring the…