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Orkin, Melissa; May, Sidney; Wolf, Maryanne – Reading Psychology, 2017
This research investigated the influence of parental practices on helpless behaviors of struggling readers during homework tasks. Parents (N = 36) of elementary students reported on their children's helpless behaviors, such as task avoidance and negative affect, during homework assignments, and on the nature and frequency of their support.…
Descriptors: Homework, Parent Child Relationship, Child Behavior, Language Skills
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Fowler, Joseph W.; Peterson, Penelope L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
Twenty-eight learned helpless children (ages 9-13) assessed as reading below grade level were randomly assigned to one of four reinforcement and attribution retaining treatments. Indirect and direct attribution retaining increased childrens' reading persistence and their attribution of failure on the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility scale…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Expectation, Helplessness, Intermediate Grades