The effectiveness of education and upbringing of children with hearing loss who are placed in special and mixed groups remains an important issue. The study aims to establish mixed groups consisting of both healthy children and children with hearing loss, and subsequently evaluate and compare their cognitive and mental development across different…

Developmental assessment scales are important tools for determining developmental delays and planning preventive interventions. One broad assessment scale used to evaluate child development is the Battelle Developmental Inventories (BDIs). The BDI-2 has a standardized version in English with good psychometric properties and a translated version in…

This article reports the maintenance of one of the largest interventions conducted in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation) orphanages for children birth to 4 years using regular caregiving staff. One orphanage received training plus structural changes, another training only, and a third business as usual. The intervention produced substantial…