Abstract:
The Metaverse is a network of 3-D virtual worlds supporting social connections among its users and enabling them to participate in activities mimicking real life. It merg...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
The Metaverse is a network of 3-D virtual worlds supporting social connections among its users and enabling them to participate in activities mimicking real life. It merges physical and virtual reality and provides channels for multisensory interactions and immersions in a variety of environments (Mystakidis, 2022). The Metaverse is considered the third wave of the Internet revolution, and it is built on new and emerging technologies such as extended reality and artificial intelligence. Research on the impact of the Metaverse on education exploded in 2022. Here, we explore learning across the Metaverse and propose a new and innovative theoretical framework by reviewing literature and synthesizing best practices in designing metaverse learning environments. This ecosystem consists of four major hubs: 1) instructional design and performance technology hub; 2) knowledge hub; 3) research and technology hub; and 4) talent and training hub. Common to all four hubs are the factors in the three wheels: 1) infrastructure, business industry, and communication; 2) technology access and equity; and 3) user rights, data security, and privacy policy. We believe that this framework can help guide emerging research and development on the applications of the Metaverse in education. We also hope this article can serve as a launch pad for the special issue on the Metaverse and the Future of Education supported by the IEEE Education Society.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies ( Volume: 15, Issue: 6, 01 December 2022)

San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Minjuan Wang (Member, IEEE) was born in Lingbao, China. She received the B.A. degree in Chinese literature from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 1995, the M.A. degree in comparative literature from Penn State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree in information science and learning technologies from the University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, in 2001.
She is currently a Professo...Show More
Minjuan Wang (Member, IEEE) was born in Lingbao, China. She received the B.A. degree in Chinese literature from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 1995, the M.A. degree in comparative literature from Penn State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree in information science and learning technologies from the University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, in 2001.
She is currently a Professo...View more

Jilin University, Changchun, China
Haiyang Yu was born in Daqing, China, in 1979. He received the Ph.D. degree in international relations from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2008.
In 2008, he joined Jilin University as an Assistant Professor. Since 2016, he has been a Professor with the School of Administration, Jilin University. He is the author of more than 30 articles. His research interests include strategic decision analysis and the use of inno...Show More
Haiyang Yu was born in Daqing, China, in 1979. He received the Ph.D. degree in international relations from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2008.
In 2008, he joined Jilin University as an Assistant Professor. Since 2016, he has been a Professor with the School of Administration, Jilin University. He is the author of more than 30 articles. His research interests include strategic decision analysis and the use of inno...View more

San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Zerla Bell received the B.S. degree in microbiology from San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA, in 1999, where she is working toward the master's degree in learning design and technology.
She is also a Librarian with Palmer Way School, National City, CA. Her research interests include designing instructions for new learning environments, Metaverse for learning, and the use of extended reality in K-12 classrooms fo...Show More
Zerla Bell received the B.S. degree in microbiology from San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA, in 1999, where she is working toward the master's degree in learning design and technology.
She is also a Librarian with Palmer Way School, National City, CA. Her research interests include designing instructions for new learning environments, Metaverse for learning, and the use of extended reality in K-12 classrooms fo...View more

Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Xiaoyan Chu received the B.Sc. degree in educational technology from Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, in 2021. She is currently working toward the master's degree in educational technology with the College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Her research interests include Edu-Metaverse, extended reality for immersive learning, and the use of artificial intelligence in K-12 and higher education. Sh...Show More
Xiaoyan Chu received the B.Sc. degree in educational technology from Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, in 2021. She is currently working toward the master's degree in educational technology with the College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Her research interests include Edu-Metaverse, extended reality for immersive learning, and the use of artificial intelligence in K-12 and higher education. Sh...View more

San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Minjuan Wang (Member, IEEE) was born in Lingbao, China. She received the B.A. degree in Chinese literature from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 1995, the M.A. degree in comparative literature from Penn State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree in information science and learning technologies from the University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, in 2001.
She is currently a Professor and Program Chair of Learning Design and Technology with San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. Her research interests include using new and emerging technologies in teaching and training, extended reality and immersive learning, Metaverse for K12 and higher education, and the design and implementation of artificial intelligence for teaching and learning (with a focus on research and the standards associated with its educational implementation). She is an internationally recognized scholar and has keynoted about 30 international conferences. She has more than 100 peer-reviewed articles published in indexed journals and books. She is the co-author of the highly influential Cybergogy for Engaged Learning model and is considered a high-impact author in online, mobile, and hybrid learning.
Dr. Wang is a Member of the IEEE Education Society. She co-chairs the Technical Committee for Immersive Learning of the IEEE Education Society. She is also a Member of the Association for Talent Development and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. She is the Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.
Minjuan Wang (Member, IEEE) was born in Lingbao, China. She received the B.A. degree in Chinese literature from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 1995, the M.A. degree in comparative literature from Penn State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree in information science and learning technologies from the University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, in 2001.
She is currently a Professor and Program Chair of Learning Design and Technology with San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. Her research interests include using new and emerging technologies in teaching and training, extended reality and immersive learning, Metaverse for K12 and higher education, and the design and implementation of artificial intelligence for teaching and learning (with a focus on research and the standards associated with its educational implementation). She is an internationally recognized scholar and has keynoted about 30 international conferences. She has more than 100 peer-reviewed articles published in indexed journals and books. She is the co-author of the highly influential Cybergogy for Engaged Learning model and is considered a high-impact author in online, mobile, and hybrid learning.
Dr. Wang is a Member of the IEEE Education Society. She co-chairs the Technical Committee for Immersive Learning of the IEEE Education Society. She is also a Member of the Association for Talent Development and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. She is the Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.View more

Jilin University, Changchun, China
Haiyang Yu was born in Daqing, China, in 1979. He received the Ph.D. degree in international relations from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2008.
In 2008, he joined Jilin University as an Assistant Professor. Since 2016, he has been a Professor with the School of Administration, Jilin University. He is the author of more than 30 articles. His research interests include strategic decision analysis and the use of innovative technologies in teaching and learning.
Dr. Yu was an Executive Director of the China National Association for International Studies and the Vice-Chairman of the Institution for Northeast Asian Studies, Chinese Association of Asia-Pacific Studies.
Haiyang Yu was born in Daqing, China, in 1979. He received the Ph.D. degree in international relations from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2008.
In 2008, he joined Jilin University as an Assistant Professor. Since 2016, he has been a Professor with the School of Administration, Jilin University. He is the author of more than 30 articles. His research interests include strategic decision analysis and the use of innovative technologies in teaching and learning.
Dr. Yu was an Executive Director of the China National Association for International Studies and the Vice-Chairman of the Institution for Northeast Asian Studies, Chinese Association of Asia-Pacific Studies.View more

San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Zerla Bell received the B.S. degree in microbiology from San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA, in 1999, where she is working toward the master's degree in learning design and technology.
She is also a Librarian with Palmer Way School, National City, CA. Her research interests include designing instructions for new learning environments, Metaverse for learning, and the use of extended reality in K-12 classrooms focusing on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. Previously, she was a Clinical Project Leader and a Chemist.
Zerla Bell received the B.S. degree in microbiology from San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA, in 1999, where she is working toward the master's degree in learning design and technology.
She is also a Librarian with Palmer Way School, National City, CA. Her research interests include designing instructions for new learning environments, Metaverse for learning, and the use of extended reality in K-12 classrooms focusing on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. Previously, she was a Clinical Project Leader and a Chemist.View more

Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Xiaoyan Chu received the B.Sc. degree in educational technology from Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, in 2021. She is currently working toward the master's degree in educational technology with the College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Her research interests include Edu-Metaverse, extended reality for immersive learning, and the use of artificial intelligence in K-12 and higher education. She was an Intern with Ken Blanchard, leading companies specializing in performance improvement and leadership training and also a Publicity Chair Assistant for several IEEE flagship conferences such as IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering and International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network.
Xiaoyan Chu received the B.Sc. degree in educational technology from Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, in 2021. She is currently working toward the master's degree in educational technology with the College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Her research interests include Edu-Metaverse, extended reality for immersive learning, and the use of artificial intelligence in K-12 and higher education. She was an Intern with Ken Blanchard, leading companies specializing in performance improvement and leadership training and also a Publicity Chair Assistant for several IEEE flagship conferences such as IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering and International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network.View more