Abstract:
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a crucial higher-order skill required by learners of the 21st century, who will need to become lifelong learners to adapt to the continua...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a crucial higher-order skill required by learners of the 21st century, who will need to become lifelong learners to adapt to the continually changing environments. Literature provides examples of tools for scaffolding SRL in online environments. In this article, we provide the state-of-the-art concerning tools that support SRL in terms of theoretical models underpinning development, supported SRL processes, tool functionalities, used data and visualizations. We reviewed 42 articles published between 2008 and 2020, including information from 25 tools designed to support SRL. Our findings indicate that: 1) many of the studies do not explicitly specify the SRL theoretical model used to guide the design process of the tool; 2) goal setting, monitoring, and self-evaluation are the most prevalent SRL processes supported through functionalities, such as content navigation, user input forms, collaboration features, and recommendations; 3) the relationship between tool functionalities and SRL processes are rarely described; and 4) few tools assess the impact on learners’ SRL process and learning performance. Finally, we highlight some lessons learned that might contribute to implementing future tools that support learners’ SRL processes.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies ( Volume: 15, Issue: 4, 01 August 2022)
Funding Agency:

Department of Business Computer Science, Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Ronald Pérez Álvarez received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, in 2020.
He is currently an Adjunct Professor and Researcher with the Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. His research interests include massive open online courses (MOOCs), self-regulation of learning, dashboard design and implementation to support self-regulation of learnin...Show More
Ronald Pérez Álvarez received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, in 2020.
He is currently an Adjunct Professor and Researcher with the Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. His research interests include massive open online courses (MOOCs), self-regulation of learning, dashboard design and implementation to support self-regulation of learnin...View more

DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
studiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Ioana Jivet received the Ph.D. (cum laude Hons.) degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands, in 2021.
She is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany, and a Research Coordinator with stadiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, where she leads research activities on t...Show More
Ioana Jivet received the Ph.D. (cum laude Hons.) degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands, in 2021.
She is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany, and a Research Coordinator with stadiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, where she leads research activities on t...View more

Institute de Recherce Informatique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Mar Pérez-Sanagustín received the Ph.D. (Hons.) degree in information and communication technologies from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, in 2011.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Université de Toulouse and the Laboratory IRIT, Toulouse, France. From 2011 to 2014, she was with GAST, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) as a Teacher of the Department of Telematics Engineering, where she wa...Show More
Mar Pérez-Sanagustín received the Ph.D. (Hons.) degree in information and communication technologies from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, in 2011.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Université de Toulouse and the Laboratory IRIT, Toulouse, France. From 2011 to 2014, she was with GAST, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) as a Teacher of the Department of Telematics Engineering, where she wa...View more

Institute for Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Maren Scheffel received the Ph.D. degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands, in 2017.
She is currently a Professor of Educational Data Science with the Institute of Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. With a background in computational linguistics, she started to work in the field of technology-enhanced learning in 2009, and has since then b...Show More
Maren Scheffel received the Ph.D. degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands, in 2017.
She is currently a Professor of Educational Data Science with the Institute of Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. With a background in computational linguistics, she started to work in the field of technology-enhanced learning in 2009, and has since then b...View more

Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Katrien Verbert received the Doctoral degree in computer science from KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, in 2008.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Augment Research Group of the Computer Science Department, KU Leuven. She was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO), KU Leuven. She was an Assistant Professor with TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 2013–2014, and Vrije Universi...Show More
Katrien Verbert received the Doctoral degree in computer science from KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, in 2008.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Augment Research Group of the Computer Science Department, KU Leuven. She was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO), KU Leuven. She was an Assistant Professor with TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 2013–2014, and Vrije Universi...View more

Department of Business Computer Science, Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Ronald Pérez Álvarez received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, in 2020.
He is currently an Adjunct Professor and Researcher with the Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. His research interests include massive open online courses (MOOCs), self-regulation of learning, dashboard design and implementation to support self-regulation of learning in MOOCs, and analysis of learning in online learning environments. As part of his research work, he has designed and implemented a dashboard for learning analytics, called NoteMyProgress. This tool supports learners’ self-regulation strategies in MOOCs.
Ronald Pérez Álvarez received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, in 2020.
He is currently an Adjunct Professor and Researcher with the Universidad de Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. His research interests include massive open online courses (MOOCs), self-regulation of learning, dashboard design and implementation to support self-regulation of learning in MOOCs, and analysis of learning in online learning environments. As part of his research work, he has designed and implemented a dashboard for learning analytics, called NoteMyProgress. This tool supports learners’ self-regulation strategies in MOOCs.View more

DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
studiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Ioana Jivet received the Ph.D. (cum laude Hons.) degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands, in 2021.
She is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany, and a Research Coordinator with stadiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, where she leads research activities on trusted learning analytics under the Hessen Hub, a network of higher education institutions in Hessen, Germany. Before joining Goethe University, she was a Postdoctoral Researcher with Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Center for Education and Learning, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands, conducting research on student-facing learning analytics.
Ioana Jivet received the Ph.D. (cum laude Hons.) degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands, in 2021.
She is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany, and a Research Coordinator with stadiumdigitale, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, where she leads research activities on trusted learning analytics under the Hessen Hub, a network of higher education institutions in Hessen, Germany. Before joining Goethe University, she was a Postdoctoral Researcher with Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Center for Education and Learning, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands, conducting research on student-facing learning analytics.View more

Institute de Recherce Informatique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Mar Pérez-Sanagustín received the Ph.D. (Hons.) degree in information and communication technologies from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, in 2011.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Université de Toulouse and the Laboratory IRIT, Toulouse, France. From 2011 to 2014, she was with GAST, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) as a Teacher of the Department of Telematics Engineering, where she was a Postdoctoral Fellow. She was a teacher for seven years in several universities (such as Universidad Católica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, and Universidad de la Rioja).
Mar Pérez-Sanagustín received the Ph.D. (Hons.) degree in information and communication technologies from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, in 2011.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Université de Toulouse and the Laboratory IRIT, Toulouse, France. From 2011 to 2014, she was with GAST, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) as a Teacher of the Department of Telematics Engineering, where she was a Postdoctoral Fellow. She was a teacher for seven years in several universities (such as Universidad Católica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, and Universidad de la Rioja).View more

Institute for Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Maren Scheffel received the Ph.D. degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands, in 2017.
She is currently a Professor of Educational Data Science with the Institute of Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. With a background in computational linguistics, she started to work in the field of technology-enhanced learning in 2009, and has since then been involved in the coordination and management as well as the research work of several European projects. Her research interests include the connection of learning analytics and learning design as well as visualization techniques for dashboards. She is currently the President of the Society for Learning Analytics Research.
Maren Scheffel received the Ph.D. degree in learning analytics from the Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands, in 2017.
She is currently a Professor of Educational Data Science with the Institute of Educational Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. With a background in computational linguistics, she started to work in the field of technology-enhanced learning in 2009, and has since then been involved in the coordination and management as well as the research work of several European projects. Her research interests include the connection of learning analytics and learning design as well as visualization techniques for dashboards. She is currently the President of the Society for Learning Analytics Research.View more

Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Katrien Verbert received the Doctoral degree in computer science from KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, in 2008.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Augment Research Group of the Computer Science Department, KU Leuven. She was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO), KU Leuven. She was an Assistant Professor with TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 2013–2014, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium, in 2014–2015. She has been involved in several European and Flemish projects on his research interests, including the EU ROLE, STELLAR, STELA, ABLE, LALA, PERSFO, Smart Tags, and BigDataGrapes projects. Her research interests include visualization techniques, recommender systems, explainable AI, and visual analytics.
Dr. Verbert is involved in the organization of several conferences and workshops (General Chair EC-TEL 2017 and IUI 2021, Program Chair LAK 2013, EC-TEL 2016, LAK 2020, Workshop Chair EDM 2015, and Program Co-Chair of the EdRecSys, VISLA, and XLA workshop series, DC chair IUI 2017 and LAK 2019).
Katrien Verbert received the Doctoral degree in computer science from KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, in 2008.
She is currently an Associate Professor with the Augment Research Group of the Computer Science Department, KU Leuven. She was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO), KU Leuven. She was an Assistant Professor with TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 2013–2014, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium, in 2014–2015. She has been involved in several European and Flemish projects on his research interests, including the EU ROLE, STELLAR, STELA, ABLE, LALA, PERSFO, Smart Tags, and BigDataGrapes projects. Her research interests include visualization techniques, recommender systems, explainable AI, and visual analytics.
Dr. Verbert is involved in the organization of several conferences and workshops (General Chair EC-TEL 2017 and IUI 2021, Program Chair LAK 2013, EC-TEL 2016, LAK 2020, Workshop Chair EDM 2015, and Program Co-Chair of the EdRecSys, VISLA, and XLA workshop series, DC chair IUI 2017 and LAK 2019).View more