Abstract:
Ray tracing is a computer graphics technique used to produce realistic visuals by physically simulating the behavior of light. Although this technique can be described st...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Ray tracing is a computer graphics technique used to produce realistic visuals by physically simulating the behavior of light. Although this technique can be described straightforwardly, fully comprehending it might be challenging. It is typically taught in the classroom using the 2-D formats, such as paper or a blackboard. We propose using immersive environments for incrementing the understanding of ray tracing. We focus on improving the knowledge of the technique in experienced users, particularly Master of Computer Science students minoring in a computer-graphics-related area. We argue that exploring the ray tracing process in an immersive visualization environment can further improve the understanding of ray tracing acquired using conventional means. With that objective, this study starts by presenting RayTracerVR, a virtual reality prototype tool for learning the mechanisms of ray tracing. This tool can be used to visually explore and interact with the different aspects of the technique. It allows users to observe the progression of the rays throughout the sequential stages of the ray tracing process and analyze its corresponding computer pseudocode. The study includes user evaluation where RayTracerVR is employed to assess improvements in ray tracing understanding. The prototype's usability is also assessed. The findings indicate that using the ray tracing immersive learning environment results in a supplemental increase in understanding in users who have previously learned ray tracing using conventional means.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies ( Volume: 17)
Funding Agency:

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Nuno Verdelho Trindade received the M.Sc. degrees in civil engineering and structural engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in computer science from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2016, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in computer science.
He is an early-stage Researcher wi...Show More
Nuno Verdelho Trindade received the M.Sc. degrees in civil engineering and structural engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in computer science from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2016, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in computer science.
He is an early-stage Researcher wi...View more

Universidade de Lisboa - Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
Lídia Custódio received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2020, where she is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering.
She was a Frontend Software Engineer at SingleStore, where she is currently a Software Engineer. Her master's studies were focused on interaction and visualizatio...Show More
Lídia Custódio received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2020, where she is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering.
She was a Frontend Software Engineer at SingleStore, where she is currently a Software Engineer. Her master's studies were focused on interaction and visualizatio...View more

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Alfredo Ferreira (Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in information systems and computer science from the Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2009.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, and a Researcher with INESC-ID Lisboa, Lisbon. His research interests include natural interfaces, imme...Show More
Alfredo Ferreira (Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in information systems and computer science from the Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2009.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, and a Researcher with INESC-ID Lisboa, Lisbon. His research interests include natural interfaces, imme...View more

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
João Madeiras Pereira (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computers engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 1984, 1989, and 1996, respectively.
He is currently an Associated Professor with Habilitation with Computer Science Department, IST/UL. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Graphics and Interaction Rese...Show More
João Madeiras Pereira (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computers engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 1984, 1989, and 1996, respectively.
He is currently an Associated Professor with Habilitation with Computer Science Department, IST/UL. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Graphics and Interaction Rese...View more

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Nuno Verdelho Trindade received the M.Sc. degrees in civil engineering and structural engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in computer science from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2016, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in computer science.
He is an early-stage Researcher with INESC-ID, “Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores: Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa,” IST/UL. His research interests include extended reality, immersive analytics, information visualization, human–computer interaction, civil engineering, and structural engineering.
Dr. Trindade is a recipient of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) grant.
Nuno Verdelho Trindade received the M.Sc. degrees in civil engineering and structural engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in computer science from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2016, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in computer science.
He is an early-stage Researcher with INESC-ID, “Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores: Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa,” IST/UL. His research interests include extended reality, immersive analytics, information visualization, human–computer interaction, civil engineering, and structural engineering.
Dr. Trindade is a recipient of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) grant.View more

Universidade de Lisboa - Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
Lídia Custódio received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2020, where she is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering.
She was a Frontend Software Engineer at SingleStore, where she is currently a Software Engineer. Her master's studies were focused on interaction and visualization and games, during which she developed, among other applications, RayTracerVR.
Lídia Custódio received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 2020, where she is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering.
She was a Frontend Software Engineer at SingleStore, where she is currently a Software Engineer. Her master's studies were focused on interaction and visualization and games, during which she developed, among other applications, RayTracerVR.View more

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Alfredo Ferreira (Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in information systems and computer science from the Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2009.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, and a Researcher with INESC-ID Lisboa, Lisbon. His research interests include natural interfaces, immersive analytics, and 3-D object analysis and retrieval, and he was involved in several research projects in these and other areas.
Dr. Ferreira was a Member of INTERACT 2011 and Eurographics 2016 organizing committees and General Chair of SMI 2018, EuroVis 2019, and ACM ISS 2020 conferences. He is a Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the European Association for Computer Graphics (Eurographics).
Alfredo Ferreira (Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in information systems and computer science from the Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2009.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, and a Researcher with INESC-ID Lisboa, Lisbon. His research interests include natural interfaces, immersive analytics, and 3-D object analysis and retrieval, and he was involved in several research projects in these and other areas.
Dr. Ferreira was a Member of INTERACT 2011 and Eurographics 2016 organizing committees and General Chair of SMI 2018, EuroVis 2019, and ACM ISS 2020 conferences. He is a Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the European Association for Computer Graphics (Eurographics).View more

INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
João Madeiras Pereira (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computers engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 1984, 1989, and 1996, respectively.
He is currently an Associated Professor with Habilitation with Computer Science Department, IST/UL. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Graphics and Interaction Research Group, INESC-ID. He is author or coauthor of more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers presented at national and international events and journals. His research interests include high performance real-time rendering, photorealistic rendering, augmented reality, networked virtual environments, and serious games.
Dr. Pereira is an Associated Editor of Journal of Real-Time Processing (Springer). He is a Member of the Eurographics Association, ACM (Senior Member), and GPCG.
João Madeiras Pereira (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S.E.E., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computers engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon (IST/UL), Lisbon, Portugal, in 1984, 1989, and 1996, respectively.
He is currently an Associated Professor with Habilitation with Computer Science Department, IST/UL. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Graphics and Interaction Research Group, INESC-ID. He is author or coauthor of more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers presented at national and international events and journals. His research interests include high performance real-time rendering, photorealistic rendering, augmented reality, networked virtual environments, and serious games.
Dr. Pereira is an Associated Editor of Journal of Real-Time Processing (Springer). He is a Member of the Eurographics Association, ACM (Senior Member), and GPCG.View more